Research into impro system and human resource organizer system Dissertation

Research into impro system and human resource organizer system - Dissertation Example One of the changes that are to be expected from installation of the IMPRO system to the mobile works organization is an increase in performance, which shall be brought about by the renewed element of management. This allows the organization to gain control over the employees as well as data and the maintenance of customer relations, thus the efficacy of the system. The works hit sectors when it comes to the use of technology is the SME industry, largely due to limited finances. The industry is a huge paper pusher and as a result drags along in productivity due to limitations in management (Mitchel, 2008, p. 281). The effect of lagging denies the industry the opportunities associated with better performances especially relating to customer organization relations. Background An information system (IS) is a set of interconnected components working together to process collect, store, retrieve, and distribute information in order to facilitate the analysis, planning, control, decision-mak ing and coordination in companies and other organizations (Burnham, 2001, p. 192). A shift towards the IT sector, IS integration, is the SME industry is hindered by the low productivity levels associated with the organisations and the nonexistence of competitive advantages between the [players in the sector. This compared to the larger organizations in business is a challenge to efficiency and efficacy of the business models. However, the largest backdrop to the lack of a proper IT system with the SMEs is the financial constraints that are involved in business start up, which often culminate to starting the business without the IT frontier. Technological improvement exhibits the necessity of intertwining the business models with IS technology, since communication plays a huge role in the success of the sector as it is a requirement to pass down or on information from one terminal to another. The IS technology offers the business model the advantage of unlimited geographic coverage w hich facilitates globalization of the industry as management of the business sector can be achieved under the channels provided by the IS technology. Specific to the increased communication is the networks, which allows sharing of data within or with other companies. The Intranet technologies are one of the inventions in this field where communication between terminals is enabled by the use of IP (Internet Protocols) in data sharing, and the computerized and operational activities of the company that are a necessitate to the organization. Networks are also responsible for initiating ecommerce. The online intranets as well as the internet has enabled the business operant the advantage of being able to conduct business through the networks via data sharing and collaborations between the consumers and the producers, which proves effective in the field. The websites are mere instruments, which are used in conveyance of the

Academic Models in Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Academic Models in Strategic Management - Essay Example There are numerous techniques and approaches that support strategic decision making, like PEST, SWOT, portfolio matrixes, life cycles, value chain concepts and many others. The most important aspect of these academic tools is to â€Å"what extent [these tools] enhance or inhibit creative competitive strategy making in organizations† (Clark, 1997, p. 417). Some authors argue (Eilon, 1980, cited by Clark, 1997, p. 418) that there is an absence of strong focus on academic tools because they play a secondary role being â€Å"the means to an end, not an end in [itself]†. Still, the usage of academic business models should not be underrated, because these promote the development of â€Å"strategic thinking in organizations† (Clark, 1997, p. 418). Strategic management tools perform basically a â€Å"support role† (Clark, 1997, p. 418) in the strategic management process. This is so, because academic instruments offer useful insights into the benefits of different strategies and suggest a more systematic approach towards strategy implementation. These tools provide information generation, framework for analysis, also coordination and control mechanisms (Clark, 1997, p. 418). Further on, schemes and visualized models have the benefit of presenting ideas, model relationships and help management identify opportunities and co nvict others about the usefulness of suggested strategies. 2. The use of tools during the different strategic management stages Academic models are visible throughout the strategic management process, from planning and defining of mission and purpose to crafting different strategies and strategy execution and evaluation (Thompson et al, 1996, p. 3). Situation analysis Analysis of the business environment is regarded "as a fundamental part of the strategic management planning process" (Pickton, 1998, p. 102), because academic strategists have realized that environmental changes are constant and unavoidable. A research undertaken by Clark (1997) points out that for many companies environmental analysis includes evaluation of remote environment, meaning PEST analysis; and evaluation of the companies' operating environment, meaning competitors, customers, markets, suppliers and stakeholders. PEST and Porter's five forces model are basically similar tools for environmental audit and are ranked in the top set of tasks in UK (Clark, 1997, p. 423). In an increasingly diverse competition, industries are no longer viewed as isolated independent markets. This makes the application of the Porter's model insufficient, because it "tends to be focused on the single industry or strategic business unit", which means that it's much narrower in its scope. Another largely used academic tool is SWOT analysis, which is regarded as the simplest "easy-to-use technique for getting a quick overview of a firm's strategic situation" (Thompson et al, 1996, p. 92). SWOT is praised for its simplicity and practicality and is widely adopted uncritically (Pickton et al, 1998, p. 101); it underscores the basic principle that strategy must be a good fit between a company's internal capabilities and its external situation. Authors like Farjourn (2002) observe that SWOT is only suitable to a stable and predictable world. Too simplistic adoption of SWOT is reflected by the fact that most academic papers review it as a static strategic framework (Pickton et al, 1998, pp. 102-103); academicians simplify it to a list of factors and fail to conduct further analysis, which limits the usability of the model. Another tool, the value chain concept is a "primary analytical tool of strategic cost analysis"; it identifies costs and value drivers for primary and

Rejected Shepherd Essay Example for Free

Rejected Shepherd Essay Introduction The nation of Israel has been waiting for their Messiah for millennia. Prophesied since the days of Adam, promised to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, anticipated by Moses, and lauded by David, the Jewish nation expected Messiah to come in power and glory and to usher in a nearutopian kingdom in which Israel would be an autonomous state. Such a one-sided interpretation of prophecy has caused Israel to miss the suffering Savior of Isaiah 53 and to wander in a spiritual haze for thousands of years. The failure of the Jews to recognize and accept their Messiah was not, however, surprising to God. The last six chapters of the prophecy of Zechariah center on the advent of the Jewish Messiah. Within those chapters, God chronicled many of the events leading up to both the first and second comings of Christ including His rejection by the nation of Israel as a whole. This paper will focus on the details concerning the first coming of Christ and the historical fulfillment of events as foretold by Zechariah. One thing the Israelites did expect to occur with the coming of Messiah was judgment to fall on those nations that persecuted the Jews. The militant Zealots of the first century AD were always watching and ready to fall in behind a king, sword in hand. Many of the other Jews, while maybe not as openly aggressive toward foreign control, eagerly awaited the freedom that would come with the kingdom of Messiah. Chapter nine of the prophecy of Zechariah begins with a declaration that would have sparked the emotion of any Jew that was still recovering from his or her time in Babylonian captivity. Judgment was coming on the nations. Holland 2 CHAPTER TWO. The First Coming of Messiah Judgment of the Nations When looking at prophecies concerning the coming of Christ, it is important to understand that both comings may or may not be in view and that the events described in the prophecy may relate to both comings. This writer would like to focus on those prophecies of Zechariah that have fulfilled historically at the first coming of Christ. Zechariah 9:1-7 describes certain strongholds of the nations surrounding Israel. The first to face the judgment of God are Hadrach and Damascus. There is no clear reference in Scripture or history at to the location of Hadrach, but in his comments on Zechariah 9:1 from his study Bible, MacArthur indicates this might be â€Å"a reference to the dual Medo-Persian kingdom. † Damascus, however, is clearly identified as the capital of Syria, the nation that led the northern kingdom of Israel into captivity. With the judgment on these cities, the Lord included the city of Hamath and the Phoenician cities of Tyre and Sidon. Tyre is mentioned in verses two and three as being â€Å"very skillful† and as having â€Å"heaped up silver like dust, and gold like the dirt of the streets. † The abundant wealth of the city and a parallel prophecy of judgment are recorded in the following from Ezekiel 28:4-7: [B]y your wisdom and your understanding you have made wealth for yourself, and have gathered gold and silver into your treasuries; by your great wisdom in your trade you have increased your wealth, and your heart has become proud in your wealth—therefore thus says the Lord GOD: Because you make your heart like the heart of a god, therefore, behold, I will bring foreigners upon you, the Holland 3 most ruthless of the nations; and they shall draw their swords against the beauty of your wisdom and defile your splendor. Such wealth and wisdom did not spare these cities when the face of God turned toward them in judgment as Tyre was, indeed, stripped of its prosperity just as Zechariah prophesied in 9:4. Verses five and six show the progression of judgment southward through the land of the Philistines. Four of the five major Philistine cites were included in the path of destruction; only Gath was excluded. These cities were said to look on the destruction of Tyre and Sidon in fear and hopelessness (9:5). Afterward, their land was occupied with foreigners, and, according to Expositor’s Bible Commentary , they were stripped of their â€Å"repulsive† idolatrous practices (9:67). The first seven verses of chapter nine chronicle the destruction of the enemies of Israel during the phenomenal conquest of Alexander the Great. The young leader conquered the Syrians bringing an end to the Medo-Persian Empire. After this Alexander went to the Mediterranean coast and carried his conquest south. In his invasion of Palestine, he executed the judgment of God throughout the land. The famous siege of Tyre is testimony to the influence of God behind this pagan ruler. The island city of Tyre seemed impregnable, but using debris from the mainland city, which had been sacked by Nebuchadnezzar some years earlier, Alexander built a causeway and marched his army across the channel and right up to the city walls. Using siege weapons, he broke through the defenses and decimated the city selling tens of thousands into slavery (â€Å"Siege†). From there Alexander marched south and conquered the cities of the Philistines â€Å"killing their national pride† but leaving alive a remnant (MacArthur). Holland 4 With the swift and effective conquest of Alexander, many would find it odd that Jerusalem and Judea was spared. Bible students, however, have a very clear answer for this: God had already said His people would be spared. This leads the discussion into Zechariah 9:8 and the promised preservation of the Jewish nation. Preservation of Israel Great problems arise in the continuity of prophetic Scripture if Israel ever ceases to be a nation. In the midst of calamitous activity around the Jewish nation, Zechariah provided yet another hope for the sons of Jacob. According to verse eight of chapter nine, the mighty hand of God was defending His chosen people. Alexander, according to Jewish tradition, visited Jerusalem after receiving a vision in a dream of the high priest of the Jews. When he arrived at the city and saw the priest as he was in the dream, the young general bowed and knew he would completely conquer Persia (â€Å"Zechariah†). God had certainly spared His people during the conquest of Alexander, but verse eight also indicates the nation of Israel would never be overrun by an invading army. Even a cursory look at history reveals such an event did happen again in 70 AD. That year the Roman general, Titus, sacked Jerusalem, dispersed the Jewish nation, and razed the temple to the ground. The prophecy in verse eight must, therefore, refer to the second coming of Messiah (MacArthur). During the time of the Tribulation, Revelation 7:4 recounts 144,000 Jews will be sealed to live in spite of the intense persecution by Antichrist. Following that period, the Jewish nation will never again be overrun by oppressors. Coming of Messiah Zechariah 9:9-17 seem to be a reference to both comings of Messiah. In verse nine He is referred to as a king â€Å"humbled and riding on a donkey. † This entire verse was directly stated to Holland 5 have been fulfilled in Matthew 21:1-5 and John 12:12-15 when the God of creation rode into Jerusalem on a young donkey to shouts of praise. A glorious picture of Messiah is presented in Zechariah 9:9. He was â€Å"righteous, having salvation, gentle† and rode and animal of peace, not a warhorse. If any of the Jews present at the triumphal entry of Jesus into Jerusalem was familiar with this verse, it is no wonder they lauded Him as king. The puzzling thing is: of those who envisioned Zechariah 9:9 when they saw Jesus enter Jerusalem, how many remembered the later prophecies of Zechariah 11. Since this paper focuses on the words of Zechariah concerning the first coming of Messiah and since 9:10 through 10:12 speak primarily of the second advent and the future establishment of the millennial theocracy, the reader will be directed to the beginning of Zechariah chapter eleven to conclude this look at the fulfilled prophecies of Messiah contained in this book. Rejection of Messiah Chapter eleven opens â€Å"in stark contrast to† the previous chapters (MacArthur). The prophecies of chapters nine and ten that speak of the second coming of Messiah present Him as a glorious king who showers peace and blessing on the people of Israel. Chapter eleven, however, begins with a lament over the destruction of the land of Palestine (1-3). The interpretation of these first three verses is debatable, but they most likely speak of â€Å"the destruction of Jerusalem in A. D. 70 and the subsequent devastation of the whole land, which resulted in the dissolution of the Jewish state† (MacArthur). Such destruction caused those whose lives and livelihoods were firmly planted in the land to wail (Zech. 11:1-3). Isaiah 53:3 recounts the mournful cry of the rejected Servant, Messiah. Likewise, Zechariah 11 states the reason behind the lamentable destruction of verses 1-3: the Shepherd had been rejected by His flock. God gave Zechariah a message he was to role-play in verses 4-6, Holland 6 which the prophet enacted in verses 7-14. The symbolism of these latter verses is important in relating to the actual events of the rejection of Jesus. Zechariah recorded that he went through the process of caring for a flock of sheep. MacArthur relates this literal event to both the feeding of the Word of God by Zechariah and the then-future work of the Shepherd-Messiah. The prophet had two staves, Favor and Union, which were used to tend the flock. The name of each had significance relating to the covenantal relationship between God and the nation of Israel. The first half of Zechariah 11:8 is greatly debated. The rejection of the three shepherds in this verse, according to MacArthur, seems to relate to the removal of the offices of â€Å"priests, elders, and scribes of Israel. . . . God ended the traditional offices of the mediators and in [their] place brought a new priesthood of believers. † The under-shepherds of Israel failed in their duties and actually led the flock to reject the true Shepherd. Because of their rejection, the Shepherd turned His back on the flock and let them devour themselves, which they quite literally did during the siege of Jerusalem in 70 AD (MacArthur). The breaking of the staves in verses ten and fourteen indicate the broken covenant of that generation [although the eternal covenant of God with the Jewish nation is still in tact]. Upon breaking the covenant between Shepherd and sheep, a call was made of payment for services rendered, to which the sheep [literally, the owners of the flock] respond by giving Zechariah the insignificant amount [in value] of 30 pieces of silver, which was hardly worth the time invested with the flock. Zechariah was then instructed to â€Å"throw it to the potter† (Zech. 11:13). This, again, was directly and literally fulfilled in Matthew 27:3-10 when Judas betrayed Jesus for the price of a slave and later threw the money at the priests who, in turn, used it to buy the worthless field in which Judas was eventually buried. Holland 7 CHAPTER THREE Conclusion The prophecies of Zechariah concerning the first coming of Messiah are not without great amounts of irony. The people eagerly awaited the entrance of Messiah, according to the prophecies, but failed to see they would reject Him. [The irony of the 30 pieces of silver being used to purchase the burial field of Judas is another.] The foolish decisions of the Jewish nation have caused them to become largely apathetic toward God and to wonder if Messiah will ever come. They expected a military deliverer and were sent a suffering Servant, whom they wholly rejected. One has to wonder the magnitude of the mourning of Israel when Messiah does come on a white charger to receive His rightful throne (Zech. 12:10). Judgment once came on the nations that had oppressed Israel, and judgment will come again. Israel was once preserved from destruction by the mighty hand of God; Israel will be preserved again. Messiah once entered Jerusalem hailed as a king, and He will enter again prepared to take what is His. The Jews once rejected their Savior. When He comes again, this will not be repeated. Holland 8 Works Cited MacArthur, John Jr. The MacArthur Study Bible. Electronic Ed. Nashville: Word Pub. , 1997. Siege of Tyre. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia . 10 Apr 2007, 23:21 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 20 Apr 2007 . The Holy Bible: English Standard Version. Wheaton: Crossway, 2001. â€Å"Zechariah. † The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: New Testament . CD-ROM. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1998.

The Single World Order | An analysis

The Single World Order | An analysis Albert Schweitzer once said that The first step in the evolution of ethics is a sense of solidarity with other human beings. How do we develop this sense of solidarity? All begins from your own self-awareness. Sometimes as humans, we feel that we have already fulfilled the requirements to be an ethical person. We all have a pretty good idea what are being ethical means, based on our own experiences, values and beliefs. But yet we still struggle with hard ethical questions in our roles that seem to have no simple answer. Generally speaking, ethics refers to the study of right and wrong behaviors. In daily lives we are regularly faced with important questions about what to do. Should I keep my promise or should I just break it? Should I give some of my money to the panhandler or keep it myself? Ethics, as a field of study, goes to find principles and rules for responding such day-to-day questions. How if nationalities are dissolved in favor of global citizenry (i.e. A single world order), would the world be ethically and morally better? The answer could vary, depends on what kind of government that will be built and how citizens respond to this. Advantages and Disadvantages of Single World Order Global citizenry or more known as single world order is a government system where the whole world is sharing the same rules and regulations without any exception. All of the citizens should listen and obey the protocol without any attempt to break the rules and regulations. In this democracy world, people should be given the freedom to express their opinions. Some countries still do not provide the freedom to give free speech. This situation can be referred as unethical situation. Each state would have the respective governments in which they have its own regulations. For some people, they cant really accept the rules that are applied in other countries. What will be the result if the entire countries united and have only one rule alone or well known as single world order? What could happen? If from the beginning when the world first formed, single world order has also been carried on; maybe this world could be ethically and morally better. A single world order would be impressive if it is properly done, but would be terrible if it were not just the right way. Although it may be a good decision, but actually theres some difficulties might be found since there are a lot of ethnic, race, nationality, religion and different culture. Looking at majority opinion and research that has been done by Dave Pederson, it says that a global government can be an evil beast which if loosed can only accomplish unfettered destruction. Given todays technology that is placed in this kind situation of carnage would be nearly impossible to destroy. Since technology would give them, those people with power, a lot of help to control this world. One of the strongest reasons to not have single world government is because dozens of peoples minds have not changed yet. The human races have not fully learned the value of teamwork and collaboration when it comes to an international scale. Everyone will be fighting with one another to get their way and that single world order will be nothing but a price for one nation to rule upon others. We need to have a major worldwide disaster such as World War III, which we expect it wont happen; environmental changes, or the discovery of something new, that we are not alone in this vast universe. Humanity must get this one government, only then we can fully apply all the advantages of a single world order. Somehow, this single world order would be a good idea, but it would have to be carefully made. Having one government in this world is the only way to achieve anything resembling world peace since it would build the feeling of patriotism irrelevant, because theres only one government to be patriotic to. However, the bastions of power that this world has been already way too big. There is one old adage says: There aint no such thing as a free lunch, which means it is impossible to get something for nothing. If such a government were imposed it would most likely mismanage resources due to the structure of the power in general. This world needs people to facilitate trade and communication between one another. However, those people are the ones with power; the message becomes corrupt and no longer reflects the common person. As some research has been done, there is some religion that against this single world order. They even start asking, is the single world order plausible? We all certain if this kind of situation announced in every corner of the world, it will spread very fast. Once its applied, it starts controlling the world just in the blink of an eye. Unless the citizen wake up from their lifeless careers and start thinking about the consequences and intentions of these single world order proponents and their plan there will not be a world to live in where people can be free much longer as before. (Is a One World Government Plausible, 1995) A lot of many different steps are being taken in order to push to a new single world order as stated in Courtnie Campbells article. It would harm us, as citizens; more than help us in the end. It would be very problematic, and it would be no way to controlling. How can the entire world agree on one type of government while we might end up having one leader that can be a dictator? Everything would not get along and it would just end up being a big dictatorship because there would be fights for power and on and on again. The only moral justification for a democracy where it can raise up the world, is that it permits the citizen to elect a good government. If the citizen fails to do that, then democracy misses any moral legitimacy it had. The ordinary fact that an evil or unfair government was democratically elected confers no existence rights on the government. The evil human beings have done in pursuit of their ideals is unrivaled. If you doubt about it, think of the colossal disasters and enormous tragedies caused by twentieth century government planners pursuing the loftiest ideals. (Hocutt, Max., 2010) Ethics in Government Why should we care and pay attention about government ethics? One of the reasons that often stated is the importance of government ethics to participate democratic government. As a democratic nation-state, citizens should actively participate in the democratic process. If citizens came to believe that politicians and governments were generally unethical and did some corruption, they might develop a strong sense of indifference towards the governments. This in turn, may result in people withdrawing, and also step back from the participation. Government ethics can play an important role in confirming this does not happen. By setting out clear and unmistakable rules that public officials must tolerate by, and by occupying persons responsible when those rules are broken, citizens can have confidence in their elected representatives and the political system. Nevertheless, citizens can take some ease in knowing when unethical behavior does and will occur. (Ethics in Government: Concepts, Issues Debates, 2007) Ethical Evaluation of Single World Order If we relate this issue to the 4 ethical evaluations, we can see that a single world is an ethically wrong action or an ethically right action. (Michael Jay, 2009) Kantian Evaluation By looking at the Kantian perspective, those few people that have been thinking about creating a single world order, are treating other people as a means to an end. Why is it so? If the single world order is being used, like what has been mentioned earlier, those people with power will take advantage from those common people that cant even do anything since they have no power to against you. Hence, single world order is wrong. Act Utilitarian Evaluation Violates Act Utilitarian; Action is immoral if there is a net deficit in happiness. Its all about the total happiness that we receive. Lets say that the population of the world is 7,000,000,000 people. The government will also need people to work for them; to control the process of the world that is going on. So they might need around 10% of the population. The 10% of governments people might feel happy because they can work in the government. Where the rest, 90% of the population; might feel unhappy because of the certain reasons that is stated above. The total unhappiness is bigger than the total happiness. Therefore, single world order is ethically wrong. Rule Utilitarian Evaluation The general case is to be likely similar to the specific case in the Act Utilitarian point of view. If a lot people against the single world order, which is a government system, the usefulness of the government will fall for everyone. If no one believes the government anymore, then there is no point of having a government system. Everybody will not obey the rules and the regulations that have been made by the government itself. When all of these consequences are considered, it seems clear that single world order is wrong from a rule utilitarian perspective. Social Contract Theory Evaluation We all have the right to free speech, where people should respect your rights. This social contract theory violates an action that goes against the rules that govern among citizens. The rules are based on the rights and negative rights of the community. People might just spread out their idea about having a single world order, create it with the rules and regulations, ask citizens to follow it. But looking at it the other way, your right to freedom of speech doesnt come with a requirement that anyone has to listen to what youre saying. Thus, a single world order is ethically wrong. (Ethics for the information age, Quinn. M. J., 2011) Conclusion and Recommendation As we can see from all the explanation and the reasons above, we can conclude that if all the nationalities are dissolved in favor of global citizenry (i.e. A single world order), the world wouldnt be ethically and morally better. It might be better if we have our own government in our country, which made its own rules and regulations, since it would not give the citizens cultural shock; if the single world order is really being created. Stephen R. Covey once said, People cant live with change if theres not a changeless core inside them. The key to the ability to change is a changeless sense of who you are, what you are about and what you value. Therefore, there is a way to build an ethically and morally better world, by fulfilling all these 3 steps: create, share and inspire. First of all as a citizen, we need to create an ethical life within ourselves. Is this kind of situation that I created will make people feel unhappy? Is my action bringing disadvantage to people around me? These kinds of questions must have crossed your mind before. After you applied the ethical life into your daily life, you can start sharing it to other people to let them understand, by showing them how ethical life is. Share it to your closest people, i.e. family and friends, by inspiring them. But of course, you need to remain ethical and moral. Try to create something that could indicate that you would bring happiness to the people around you, not disastrous or any disadvantages. If you have managed to inspire the people around you, then you, yourself have been successful in building a better world, which is ethically and morally better. (University of Virginia, 2012) Word Count: 1981 words. Annotated Bibliography Article 1 Journals Citation Hocutt, Max., 2010, Morality: What in the world is it?, Journal of Behavior Philosophy, Vol. 38, p31-48, 18p. Introduction About the morality that a world should have Aims and Scope The journal discussed about the law conception of morality Usefulness If we want to know what sort of thing real morality is, how we are obligated by it, and why we should obey it, we must begin with empirically determinate realities, not religious myths and utopian ideals. Limitations By only focusing on real moralities, we can understand morality exists and imposes obligations on us Conclusions Actually It is comparing existing moralities to each other that we can hope to discover which of them does a better job of performing its proper functions. My reflection Thus, we need to perform the morality start from ourselves, only we try to apply that to the whole world. Article 2 Journals Citation Hellman, Deborah, Judging by Appearances: Professional Ethics, Expressive Government and the Morality of How Things Seem (2001). Maryland Law Review, Vol. 60, p. 653, 2001. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=383821 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.383821 Introduction In this journal, the authors review that concerns to the societys ambivalence about appearance of impropriety standards for public officials and professionals is important Aims and Scope By widening the range of improper actions by including those that appear improper there may be more ethics-related inquiries and prosecutions which, ironically, may itself erode public confidence in institutions by making it seem that there is far more corruption than was ever thought Usefulness This journal is useful for my research topic because it is explaining the important differences between appearing to do wrong and expressing a constitutionally problematic meaning Limitations The limitation of the journal is the whole idea is too complicated. Conclusions This journal helped us to clarify what is the expressive dimension of state action is. In developing the ideas in this journal, we can see that it is the meaning of what is manifest or displayed that alone is crucial. My reflection Thus, this journal helps me in finding out the difference between appearing to do wrong and expressing a constitutionally Article 3 Journals Citation KIDDER, RUSHWORTH M. (12/2005) Moral Courage, Digital Distrust: Ethics in a Troubled World. Business and Society Review, ISSN 0045-3609, 110 (4), p. 485 505. Introduction The book itself is discussed using real-life stories from business, education, government, sports, and other areas Aims and Scope It is to explain what moral courage is, what it does, and how we can develop it Usefulness It also tells us about ethical behavior in individuals, institutions and nations through research, public discourse and practical action Limitations Because it was discussed using real-life story, some people might not really get what is the meaning behind the story Conclusions This journal offers a step-by-step guide, including checklists, on how to apply moral values to difficult situations, understand the risks (more often career troubles and social ostracism than physical harm) and endure hardships brought on by moral courage itself My reflection So, we as a people must put limits on how much technology we allow in this world. We must be able to be a technologically advanced country that also stays in the lines of the values of others and this journal helps a lot in my research. Article 4 Scholarly Internet sites Citation Dtmms.org (1997) Living a Moral and Ethical Life Elder Wisdom from ThunderStrikes. [Online] Available at: http://www.dtmms.org/readingroom/alignment/living_moral_ethical_life.htm [Accessed: 1 Sep 2012]. Introduction This article defines what constitutes ethics and morality Aims and Scope It is to make the reader understand about how important is living a moral and ethical life Usefulness To have a moral and ethical life, you need to see 5 aspects of the world: mineral world, the plant world, animal world, the human world, and spirit world Limitations Somehow, it has too many real-life examples that is not too straight forward, so it is quite hard for me to understand Conclusions But, as a human, we need to forgive people that did a lot of bad things to you My reflection Thats one way of living a moral and ethical life Article 5 Scholarly Internet sites Citation Mapleleafweb.com (2007) Ethics in Government: Concepts, Issues Debates | Mapleleafweb.com. [Online] Available at: http://www.mapleleafweb.com/features/ethics-government-concepts-issues-debates [Accessed: 9 Sep 2012]. Introduction Government ethics refers to a particular professional code of conduct for those who work in and for government. Government ethics, therefore, involve rules and guidelines about right and wrong behaviors for a host of different groups, including elected leaders, elected representatives, political staff, and public servants. Aims and Scope This article tells us about what is the importance of government ethics. Usefulness It includes the code of conduct and the code of ethics that is being used in government Limitations The limitation of the article is it only talks about the importance point. It doesnt include the advantages and disadvantages Conclusions This article helps us in clarifying what is government ethics and how it should be done My reflection Thus, it helps a lot in my research paper. Article 6 Books e-books Citation Colls, R. (1998), Ethics Man: John Grays New Moral World. The Political Quarterly, 69: 59-71. doi: 10.1111/1467-923X.00137 Introduction Explore the key issues of the day. Dedicated to political and social reform Aims and Scope Addresses current issues through serious and through provoking articles Usefulness Talking about topical issues and underlying trends politics Limitations It limits itself until the political stuff Conclusions Somehow, the new moral world should build start from the politic side where they need to clean out the corruption My reflection This book is useful for me, since politic is always about government. Article 7 Books e-books Citation Encyclopedia of Ethics, 2nd edition, ed. Lawrence Becker and Charlotte Becker (New York: Routledge, 2001), vol. 3, pp. 1706-1708. Introduction The point is especially important for the kind of absolutist ethic that Immanuel Kant defends. Aims and Scope Kant held that moral rules have no exceptions; on his way of thinking, we may never lie, we may never break a promise, and so on. Usefulness This is a clear example of an ethic that seems not to work in practice, for sensible people recognize that in extreme circumstances even very serious rules may have to be broken. Limitations Somehow, Kant said that it works fine on the theory but it doesnt work in practice, where he just taking back his statement about how ethics should work. Conclusions The relation of ethical theory to practice might be like the relation between biology and medicine, where they related and depends on each other. My reflection Thus, I believe that it is easy to tell others what ethics is, how should you done it, but it is very hard when it comes to real-life practice. Article 8 Journals Citation Campbell , C. (2012) A One World Government. Globalization in Todays world, Vol. 1. Introduction The globalization has come a long way over the past century, especially in the past decade. The possibility of a one-world government was formerly viewed as radical and was dismissed without even a second thought. Aims and Scope Multinational corporations are playing a huge role in the formation of the New World Order. These corporations are invested in many countries worldwide. Multinational corporations are simply interested in maximizing corporate profits (Crook). In doing so they have replaced democracies and democratic forms of governments worldwide (Crook). Because multinational corporations are very rich, the use their money as power. In theory, as the corporations increase in power, democracy [will be] replaced, bought, and corporate paid for and [will] no longer exist (Crook). Usefulness It tells you what exactly happened in this real world. Limitations It limits itself only to what happened with the government and the multinational corporation. Conclusions Their overall goals are to persuade the world into a one-world government that will be governed by the Illuminati themselves My reflection It is honestly very scary to know that our future and our country lie in the hands of these multinational corporations. Article 9 Newspaper Citation London-daily.com (2000) Guest Article by Rebecca Sumner for London Daily, the londoners newspaper. [Online] Available at: http://www.london-daily.com/art/ld-rebec.htm [Accessed: 13 Sep 2012]. Introduction This newspaper talks about events in Kosovo. As the events in Kosovo unfolded, few questioned the imperative for war Aims and Scope It is to spread our motive; which is humanitarianism. Usefulness Rebecca Sumner uncovers what we were never told before. Limitations But yet the humanitarian argument is famously flawed Conclusions My reflection So the conclusion is questionable: The facts beg a terrifying question: To whom now, is NATO accountable? Article 10 Books e-books Citation Race and culture : a world view SOWELL, T. (1994). Race and culture: a world view. New York, Basic Books. Introduction This book gives an international to themes from earlier works like Ethnic America and Markets and Minorities Aims and Scope It is argued that major economic and social differences between groups cannot be explained by environment Usefulness The persistence of traits among certain ethnic groups under a wide variety of circumstances, suggesting the weak influence of environment Limitations This book attributes the ethnic groups more to culture than nature Conclusions Decades of bearing down with increasing myopia and intensity of these current issues has generated more heat than light, but there is an alternative: dont rush in for the argumentative kill. Step back to learn. Acquire a wide historical perspective; perceive our current and national issues within the history and geography of the world. With a searching and honest examination of the big picture, many of our current confusions become clearer. Cultural behaviors turn out to develop naturally by people coping with their various conditions, and when we see this, cultural variations are less easily attributable to racial natures and capacities. My reflection Thus, the painful history of racial and ethnic relations is a sobering reminder of the high stakes which make clarity imperative and obscurantism dangerous. Article 11 Scholarly Internet sites Citation Preservearticles.com (2011) Do you think that One World Government is only Solution to the World Problems?. [online] Available at: http://www.preservearticles.com/201105136615/do-you-think-that-one-world-government-is-only-solution-to-the-world-problems.html [Accessed: 14 Sep 2012]. Introduction This article talks about will one world government be the solution to the world problems? Aims and Scope It discusses about the arguments for and arguments against a one world government Usefulness It also tells you about the benefit and disadvantages if one world government is used Limitations But somehow It doesnt tell you exactly whether the one world government would be good for this whole world or not Conclusions Theres always positive and negative points about one thing My reflection Thus, this article tells me that one world government might have its advantages and disadvantages which we dont really know yet since it havent been used. Article 12 Scholarly Internet sites Citation Blogs.darden.virginia.edu (2012) Building an Ethical World: Create, Share, Inspire  « Building an Ethical World. [Online] Available at: http://blogs.darden.virginia.edu/ethicalworld/2012/04/17/building-an-ethical-world-create-share-inspire-7/ [Accessed: 14 Sep 2012]. Introduction This article tells you how to create an ethical world by create, share, and inspire Aims and Scope It is to tell the whole world, what should you do to have a better world Usefulness It also brings a lot of positive attitude Limitations But It doesnt really tell you how do you share and inspire people Conclusions When you want to have a better world, you need to start it from your own self My reflection So, I really think that if we want to work hard on building our own ethical life, we can build an ethical world as well. Start in from my own self. Article 13 Scholarly Internet sites Citation Mtgap.wordpress.com (2010) Morality in the Real World  « Philosophical Multicore. [Online] Available at: http://mtgap.wordpress.com/2010/09/19/morality-in-the-real-world/ [Accessed: 15 Sep 2012]. Introduction The morality in the real world article discussed about what kinds of moral value do and do not exist in the natural world, how we can examine these issues carefully, and how we can (really) make the world a better place. Aims and Scope This article is to reveal their unusual beliefs in the name of utilitarianism Usefulness It tells you the reason behind an action Limitations The limitation of this article is because it is too focused on utilitarianism Conclusions If we are following Utilitarian morality, the actions we take in each of these situations will be very different. It is worth examining these two moralities separately. Strict Utilitarianism is the set of morality in which we assume that every rational being acts according to Utilitarianism; Practical Utilitarianism is that in which we remember all the constraints and imperfections of the real world. My reflection In my opinion itself, the real world is not nearly so simple. 14 Scholarly Internet sites Citation Prospect.org (2010) The Benefits of One-World Government.. [Online] Available at: http://prospect.org/article/benefits-one-world-government [Accessed: 12 Sep 2012]. Introduction Using real-life examples to explain the situation Aims and Scope Tells you what is the benefit of one world government Usefulness You might understand more because of the cases that are used as the examples Limitations No conclusion stated from the article Conclusions But still, Globalization is still the best method to control this world My reflection Viva globalization! Article 15 Scholarly Internet sites Citation Scribd.com (1995) Is a One World Government Plausible. [Online] Available at: http://www.scribd.com/doc/16525366/Is-a-One-World-Government-Plausible [Accessed: 15 Sep 2012]. Introduction Is single world order good for us, as citizen and common people? Aims and Scope This article is made to against single world order Usefulness It tells you a bunch of advantages of a single world order Limitations But too sad, this article has too many history stories which are confusing for people that dont know much about history. Conclusions Actually, the world domination is the goal of all the worlds most corrupt and subversive secret societies. They control the media, education, entertainment, politics, religion, academia, military, corporations, banking, and investment, and the major industries My reflection Therefore, the single world order or one world government is not plausible. Article 16 Books e-books Citation Ethics for the information age QUINN, M. J. (2009). Ethics for the information age. Boston, Pearson Addison Wesley. p.113-115 Introduction That particular page discuss about ethical evaluation of spamming Aims and Scope It is to prove whether spamming is ethically wrong or right Usefulness Somehow you know why is spamming wrong in this perspective Limitations But it doesnt specify the definition of the evaluation. (but it has been stated in another page, which I dont use it as reference) Conclusions Thus, spamming is wrong My reflection This particular page is useful for my research, where I can take the main points here and include it in my research paper. Article 17 Books e-books Citation Ethics for the information age QUINN, M. J. (2011). Ethics for the information age. Boston, Addison-Wesley. p. 95-111 Introduction These particular pages of the books talk about the ethical evaluation, which is almost the same with his previous book that published in 2009. Aims and Scope It tells you about how can you relate this ethical evaluation in your daily life Usefulness It explains using a lot of examples which make you easier to understand. Limitations The limitation is it only covers up the 4 ethical evaluations, where actually there is more than that. Conclusions But somehow, it explains well what is Kantianism, Act Utilitarian, Rule Utilitarian and Social Contract Theory is. My reflection This book helps me a lot in doing my research in the ethical evaluation section Article 18 Books e-books Citation Heresies : against progress and other illusions GRAY, J. (2004). Heresies: against progress and other illusions. London, Granta. Introduction He stated a quote in his introduction: Unlike science, ethics and politics are not activities in which what is learned in one generation can be passed on to an infinite

Is Anything Certain? Essay -- Philosophy, Unger, Hitherto

Peter Unger maintains that all knowledge requires certainty. Moreover, since he insists that nothing can be known for certain, Unger concludes that â€Å"nobody ever knows anything to be so† (Unger, 42). This is Unger’s argument: 1. â€Å"If someone knows something to be so, then it is all right for the person to be absolutely certain that it is so† (42). 2. â€Å"It is never all right for anyone to be absolutely certain that anything is so† (43). 3. Therefore, â€Å"[n]obody ever knows that anything is so† (43). Succinctly, nobody can know anything. As â€Å"anything† makes explicit, Unger suggests that we cannot have knowledge of our own existence, external objects, past or present experiences or even that 1+1=2. He also insists that knowing anything with certainty is inherently dogmatic. Being certain involves a negative attitude; it implies that nothing (new information, evidence or experience) â€Å"will be seriously considered to be at all relevant to any possible change in one’s thinking in the matter† (44). Unger defines this as the attitude of certainty. This is why it is wrong â€Å"for anyone to be absolutely certain†. I agree with Unger and concede that (2) is correct. However, Unger’s rejection to the attitude of certainty leads to the rejection of all knowledge. This is where Unger is an error. I intend to argue that premise (1) is dubious and that knowledge requires justified true belief but never certainty itself. Before continuing, I must clarify Unger’s notion of certainty. Hitherto, I have used Unger’s notion of certainty (denoted in italics) without explanation. Certain is an absolute adjective analogous to the concept of flat. An absolute adjective is or is not. A board, for example, is flat iff it lacks any changes in gradi... ...nger’s first premise). 2. Knowledge is justified belief with confidence. 3. Being confident, but not certain, allows for changes in opinion/belief in the face of new information and experiences (avoiding Unger’s attitude of certainty). 4. Knowledge with confidence, but being susceptible to new information is not dogmatic. 5. People can know things with confidence without being dogmatic. 6. Therefore, people can justifiably and confidently know that some things are so. The above argument allows for things to be known but in a non-dogmatic manner. Although, knowledge with confidence (but not certainty) can be considered a weak sense of knowledge, it avoids the skeptical conclusion while also avoiding Unger’s attitude of certainty. With the ability to amend and modify justified beliefs (knowledge), certainty is inherently absent from this notion of knowledge.

American Prohibition :: essays research papers fc

Prohibition   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On midnight of January 16, 1920, one of the started around the turn of the century, when many people got the idea that most of what was wrong with America was caused by boozepersonal habits and customs of most Americans came to a sudden halt. It . They saw prohibition as the silver hammer that would decimate all of their alky-related woes. Instead, it turned out to be the lodestone that lead America into thirteen years of chaos. The eighteenth amendment was ineffective because it was unenforceable, it caused an explosive growth in crime, and it increased the amount of alcohol consumption.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Eighteenth Amendment was put into effect to prohibit the manufacture, sale and transportation of all intoxicating liquors. Shortly afterward, the Volstead Act, named for author Andrew J. Volstead, was put into effect. This complimentary law determined intoxicating liquor as anything having an alcohol content of more than 0.5 percent, omitting alcohol used for medicinal and sacramental purposes; this act set up guidelines for enforcement as well (Altman 15). Prohibition was meant to reduce the consumption of alcohol, and thereby reduce crime, poverty, death rates, and improve the economy and general quality of life. This, however, was undoubtedly to no avail.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After the Volstead Act was put into place to determine precise laws and methods of enforcement, the Federal Prohibition Bureau was developed in order to see that the Volstead Act was enforced. Nevertheless, these laws were frequently violated by bootleggers and commoners alike. Bootleggers smuggled liquor from overseas and Canada, stole it from government warehouses, and produced their own. Many people hid their liquor in hip flasks, false books, hollow canes, and anything else they could find. (Bowen 159). There were also illegal speakeasies which replaced saloons soon after the start of prohibition. By 1925, there were over 100,000 speakeasies in New York City alone (Bowen 160). As good as the ideal sounded, prohibition was far easier to proclaim than to enforce. With only 1,550 federal agents and over 18,700 miles of extensive coastline, it was quite impossible to prevent large quantities of liquor from entering the country (Bowen 166). Barely five percent of s muggled liquor was hindered from coming into the country through the 1920s. Additionally, the illegal liquor industry was under the control of organized gangs, which subdued most authorities. Many bootleggers shielded their business by bribing the authorities, namely federal agents and persons of high political status (Bowen 160).

Kant & ontological proof

The basic principles of ontology are argument for existence of God as a predicate and argument for God’s existence as a necessary existence. The first leg of the argument states: God is the greatest and most perfect being that can be conceived. Existence in imagination and reality is greater than existence in imagination only. Therefore, God really exists. The second leg of the argument is that: God is the entity than which nothing greater can be conceived. It is greater to be necessary than not. God must be necessary. God necessarily exists.Kant’s objection to conceived God as proof of his actual existence is premised on the ability of everything that is said to exist to have some features or characteristics attributable to them. He argued that existence is not a property or the constituent of a thing. Anything that has the property of being non-existent cannot possibly have any other property.  David Hume’s objection is that nothing can be proved a priori. Pr oving a priori is through an opposite contradiction. The resultant contradiction makes something inconceivable. Nothing can be proven a priori, since it is impossible to comprehend anything not existing.Norman Malcolm, in defending the idea of God, maintains that while it may be true that existence of God as a predicate for his reality may be unsustainable, he calls attention to another twist of the argument, which is necessary existence. He argues that where the idea of God, greater than which nothing can be conceived, is possible, it is therefore logically consistent that He necessarily exists. I agree with Malcolm. God must necessarily exist so that the existence of other beings can be traced to Him, who in himself is self existent.REFERENCE.1. Malcolm Norman (Prentice Hall, 1963), Knowledge and Certainty: Essays and Lectures (Englewood Cliffs, N.).